The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health, has awarded nearly $9.7 million over five years to the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), Japan, to study the effects of atomic bomb radiation and aging on the human immune system. For the first time, experts in both the United States and Japan will systematically analyze biological samples from the unique population of elderly Japanese atomic bomb survivors to better understand the health consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation on the natural aging process.

As people grow older, their immune systems also age, leading to a gradual decline in the body’s ability to fight infections, respond to vaccinations and prevent the development of cancer. The aging of the immune system, known as immunosenescence, is a major contributing factor to disease and death among the elderly. Radiation exposure appears to accelerate immunosenescence, although the molecular events that cause immunosenescence are not well understood.

According to the World Health Organization, in 2000 there were approximately 600 million people worldwide 60 years and older; WHO estimates that this number will jump to 1.2 billion by 2025 and 2 billion by 2050.

“Understanding how the immune system ages will help us find better ways to care for this growing population,” says NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.

This study will take advantage of the unique cohort of atomic bomb survivors who were exposed to varying levels of radiation in 1945. Using state-of-the-art technology, investigators will analyze blood samples from survivors to determine how radiation exposure alters the normal age-related decline of the immune system and identify the cellular and molecular changes that occur. They also will determine how the observed immune changes are related to disease and infection. One goal is to understand how exposure to ionizing radiation and aging affect a person’s ability to respond to vaccination.

“We will gain valuable information that will benefit not only the general public but also patients undergoing radiation for cancer treatment and those who could be exposed to radiation from an industrial accident or even a terrorist attack,” says Daniel Rotrosen, M.D., director of NIAID’s Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, which oversees this award. “This collaboration complements NIAID’s program to develop medical countermeasures against radiological and nuclear threats.”

Yoichiro Kosunoki, Ph.D., Kei Nakachi, Ph.D., and Tomonori Hayashi, Ph.D., of the Department of Radiobiology/Molecular Epidemiology at RERF, will lead a team of nine experts in Japan and in the United States:

Yoko Hirabayashi, M.D., National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan Atsushi Iwama, M.D., Chiba University, Japan Shigeo Koyasu, Ph.D., Keio University, Tokyo, Japan Nancy Manley, Ph.D., University of Georgia, Athens Janko Nikolich-Zugich, M.D., Ph.D., University of Arizona, Tucson Gregory Sempowski, Ph.D., Duke University, Durham, N.C. Marcel van den Brink, M.D., Ph.D., Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York City Nan-ping Weng, M.D., Ph.D., National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore Koji Yasutomo, M.D., Ph.D., University of Tokushima, Japan

Source: Julie Wu
NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases